CTML

Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) 

 CTML is a cognitive theory based on Richard Mayer's question of Does multimedia learning happen? The answer is yes. Multimedia learning happens when we build mental representations from words and pictures. The theory deals with how to structure multimedia instructional practices and employ more effective cognitive strategies to provide people more efficient learning. According to the theory, multimedia supports the way that the human brain learns. It claims that "People learn more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone." This is known as the multimedia principle. Using words and pictures or graphics promotes active learning. CTML is based on three assumptions. 1) The dual-channel assumption. It says that working memory has auditory and visual channels. We learn better, when we hear and see at the same time. 2) The limited capacity assumption. It claims that working memory can hold a limited number of things at one time. Thus, each subsystem of working memory has a limited capacity. 3) The active processing assumption. It is based on the notion that we actively receive the information into our memory. And it states that if people pay attention to the relevant material, organize it into a coherent mental structure, and integrate it with their prior knowledge, they construct knowledge in meaningful ways.